A few days ago, the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology officially released the "Urban Big Data Platform White Paper", expounding the concept and connotation of urban big data, analyzing the significance of building an urban big data platform for solving the problems of smart city construction, and introducing my country's urban big data. Current status of the platform. At the same time, the white paper also proposes the general technical architecture of the urban big data platform, sorts out the operation mode of the urban big data platform, and gives corresponding suggestions on the development of the urban big data platform.
What is Urban Big Data?
With the continuous advancement of data processing technology, people's awareness of data application has been continuously improved, and the data generated by people's lives and the operation of various industries has shown explosive growth, forming urban big data. Urban big data refers to the data generated or obtained in the process of urban operation, and an organic system composed of active elements related to information collection, processing, utilization, and communication capabilities. It is an important strategic resource for national economic and social development. In a simple and easy-to-understand formula, it can be expressed as: urban big data = urban data + big data technology + urban functions.
The sources of data resources of urban big data are rich and diverse, which widely exist in various fields and departments of economy and society. At the same time, the heterogeneity of urban big data is obvious, with rich data types, large quantities, fast growth, high processing speed and real-time requirements, and the characteristics of cross-department and cross-industry flow. According to different data sources and data ownership, urban big data can be divided into government affairs big data, industrial big data and social welfare big data. Government big data refers to various information resources such as documents, materials, charts and data that are recorded and saved in a certain form by government departments in the process of performing their duties. Industrial big data refers to related data generated in economic development, including industrial data, service industry data, etc.
In addition, there are some social welfare big data. At present, most urban big data are government affairs big data and industrial big data, so the main promoters of urban big data should be a city's government and related enterprises with a certain data scale. In order to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the city, smart city construction requires the collection, integration, storage and analysis of massive data resources, and the use of big data technologies such as intelligent perception, distributed storage, data mining, and real-time dynamic visualization to achieve rational allocation of resources. . Therefore, urban big data is the key support for the realization of urban intelligence, and an important engine for promoting "government, people, and industry".
New smart city development faces challenges
The development of new data-driven smart cities faces many problems. The white paper believes that although local governments and enterprises at all levels are actively exploring the construction of smart cities, there are still problems such as unclear characteristics, poor experience, and insufficient sharing. The root cause lies in the failure to achieve a good integration of urban big data resources and urban business. Specifically, the challenges include three aspects: first, the chimneys of the information system hinder data sharing; second, the data governance is generally weak and the value is greatly reduced; third, the level of data management is different, and there is a lack of overall linkage. How to deal with the difficulties and challenges in the construction of new smart cities? The white paper believes that the construction of urban big data platforms can play a positive role in three aspects.
1. Accelerate the application of information resource integration through data collection
First, the urban big data platform has established a unified standard for data governance to improve the efficiency of data management. Through unified standards, problems such as data confusion and conflict, one number and multiple sources, etc. are avoided. Through centralized processing, the "validity period" of data can be extended, and multi-angle data attributes can be quickly mined for analysis and application. Through quality management, problems such as uneven data quality, data redundancy, and missing data values can be discovered and resolved in a timely manner. Second, the urban big data platform regulates the sharing and circulation of data among various business systems and promotes the full release of data value. Through overall management, the "privatization" of information resources in various departments and the mutual constraints between various departments are eliminated, the awareness of data sharing is enhanced, and the motivation for data opening is improved. Through effective integration, the utilization level of data resources can be improved.
2. improving the level of government public services through accurate analysis
In the field of transportation, real-time traffic monitoring such as satellite analysis and open cloud platforms can sense traffic conditions and help citizens optimize travel plans; in the field of safe cities, centralized monitoring and analysis of behavioral trajectories, social relations, and social public opinion can guide the public security department. Provide strong support for decision-making and intelligence research and judgment. In the field of government services, relying on a unified Internet e-government data service platform to achieve "more data walking, less errands for the masses"; in the field of medical and health, through the exchange of data such as health files and electronic medical records, it can not only improve the quality of medical services, but also Monitor the epidemic in a timely manner and reduce the medical risk of citizens.
3.boosting the development of urban digital economy through data opening
The open and shared big data platform will promote the two-way connection of government and enterprise data, and stimulate social forces to participate in urban construction. On the one hand, enterprises can obtain more city data, mine commercial value, and improve their own business level. On the other hand, the data of enterprises and organizations contributed to a unified big data platform can "feed back" government data, support the refined management of cities, and further promote modern urban governance.
Promoting platform construction in six aspects
The white paper believes that the construction of my country's urban big data platform is still in its infancy, and each region has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of management mechanism, business structure and technical capabilities, which is not conducive to the long-term development of urban big data platforms. For the specific path of building an urban big data platform, the white paper puts forward six suggestions.
I. Strengthen the top-level design of the platform
A scientific and reasonable top-level design is the key to the construction of an urban big data platform. It is necessary to start from the implementation of national macro policies, combine with local actual needs, and consider all aspects such as platform goals, data sovereignty, key technologies, legal environment, and realization of functions. "Starting point, high positioning, stable landing" to carry out the top-level design of the platform to ensure that the construction of the urban big data platform has goals, directions, paths, and rhythm to continue to advance, and according to the progress of the project, iteratively updates and brings forth new ones.
2. Improve the supporting mechanism of the platform
The construction and operation of the urban big data platform must have a corresponding supporting mechanism, and give full play to the guiding role and supporting role of the guarantee mechanism to ensure the coordination of platform planning and construction and the realization of the overall efficiency of the platform. For example, establishing an urban big data resource management mechanism, clarifying the centralized management department, data collection unit and sharing and opening method of data content, etc.; establishing an urban big data platform operation management mechanism, clarifying the data, process, security and other contents and management in the use of the platform Standards to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the platform.
3. strengthen data management
Strengthen the management of urban big data, and realize the standardized management of the whole process from data collection to data assetization. Clarify data ownership and benefit distribution, as well as personal information protection and management responsibility for the entire data life cycle. Clarify classification and hierarchical management of data resources, and improve data resource management standards. Classification refers to accurately describing the basic government data types through multi-dimensional data features; grading refers to determining the sensitivity of various types of data, formulating corresponding strategies for the opening and sharing of different types of data, and improving data collection, management, exchange, architecture, evaluation and certification. and other standards to promote the introduction of basic norms and standards for data sharing and openness.
Taking resource catalog compilation, resource integration and aggregation, and exchange and sharing platform as the three standard steps, adhere to "one number, one source" and multiple verification, and coordinate the construction of a government information resource catalog system and a shared exchange system. Establish a scientific and reasonable data classification system, integrate data in different fields and formats, and facilitate users to find and utilize data content through multiple retrieval methods, analysis tools and applications.
4. Carry out platform construction and operation according to local conditions
The construction and application of the urban big data platform should be combined to avoid the phenomenon of focusing on the construction of the platform and neglecting the use of the platform. The data resources of the government, industry and cities are extremely complex. It is necessary to clarify the rights and attributes of platform data resources to ensure the ownership of data. The government owns the ownership of government data resources. Internet companies often have advanced data technology and professional teams with Internet thinking. Local companies have a clearer and more accurate understanding of local human resources, market environment, industrial development and other factors. Revitalize the resources of the government, Internet companies, local companies and other parties, and participate in the construction and operation of the platform. The data governance and operation system of the urban big data platform is quite complex. There is no fixed model and path for platform construction. It is necessary to give full play to the subjective initiative of all parties, adapt to local conditions, tap local advantages, highlight local characteristics, and provide strong support for urban big data decision-making. .
5.Carry out comprehensive evaluation of urban big data
The competent departments of big data in all provinces and cities should formulate long-term operation mechanisms and evaluation methods for platforms, establish a sound reporting, inspection, and evaluation mechanism, design quantitative evaluation content and standards, strengthen platform data quality control, and make good use of urban big data platforms. Strengthen the post-evaluation and project inspection of urban big data platform projects, and strengthen the audit supervision of data resource construction, data sharing and openness, data quality and security. Scientifically build a comprehensive evaluation index system for urban big data platforms, carry out comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of urban big data platform construction, guide the construction of urban big data platforms in various regions, and continuously improve the effectiveness of urban big data platform construction and application.
6.strengthen platform data security
The urban big data platform contains a large amount of government and industrial data, which involves national interests, public security, commercial secrets, and personal privacy, and is highly sensitive. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the platform's data security assurance capacity building. Implement basic systems such as hierarchical protection, security assessment, electronic certification, and emergency management, establish security assessment mechanisms for data collection, transmission, storage, use, and opening, and clarify the scope, subject, responsibilities, and measures of data security protection. Research and formulate data rights guidelines, data benefit distribution mechanisms, and data flow and transaction rules, clarify data responsible entities, and increase protection of technology patents, digital copyrights, digital content products, and personal privacy. Strengthen the research and development, promotion and application of big data security technology, and improve the level of network security risk prevention and data cross-border flow supervision. Research and formulate a data application violation punishment mechanism, introduce a third-party professional organization to carry out data application compliance supervision and audit, strengthen the risk assessment of the circulation link, increase the management and punishment of data abuse, violation of personal privacy, etc., and establish a sound information disclosure system.
(Source: China Industrial Economic Information Network)
